PM

Of every 100 units of revenue, this much survives as profit.

Margins this wide usually mean real pricing power or a moat.

Profit from operations, before interest and tax, per 100 of revenue.

Typical of software and other businesses with little cost per extra sale.

What is left of revenue after only the direct cost of the product.

Little marginal cost per sale, which is what lets software and pharma fund heavy R&D.

Profit generated per unit of everything the company owns.

The assets are working hard.

Short-term assets against short-term obligations.

Below 1 the company owes more within a year than it holds — workable if customers pay up front, risky otherwise.

Short-term assets excluding inventory, against short-term debts.

Very little liquid cover if receipts slow down.

Change in revenue against the same period last year.

A healthy expansion rate.

Change in earnings against the same period last year.

Profit is declining even if revenue is not.

The share of earnings paid out as dividends.

The dividend exceeds profit, so it is being funded from cash or debt — rarely sustainable.

Return earned per unit of risk taken.

Below 1 is the common case; return did not strongly outpace the volatility.

The share of trading days that closed higher.

More up days than most shares manage.

You pay 26.39 for every 1 unit of annual earnings.

Above about 25 the market is paying up for expected growth.

Price against next year's *forecast* earnings.

A conventional range.

P/E divided by the growth rate — it asks whether the price is justified by the growth.

Above 2 you pay more per unit of growth than the convention treats as reasonable.

Price against the accounting value of the company's net assets.

Under 1 the market values the company at less than its balance sheet — common in banks, and in businesses the market distrusts.

Price against revenue — usable when a company has no profit yet.

The price assumes today's revenue will convert into much more profit later.

Whole-company value, debt included, against cash earnings.

Expensive even before interest, tax and depreciation are considered.

Annual dividend as a percentage of the share price.

A substantial part of the total return arrives as income.

A 0–100 momentum gauge over the last 14 sessions.

The middle band, where most trading days sit.

Trend strength, regardless of direction.

Below about 20 the price is ranging rather than trending.

How far the price typically swings over a year.

A typical range for an individual share.

How much the price moves relative to the wider market.

Tends to move less than the index, in both directions.

The worst peak-to-trough fall in the period measured.

No catastrophic fall in this window.

How far the mean analyst target sits above today's price.

Little headroom to the consensus target.