ISRG

Of every 100 units of revenue, this much survives as profit.

Margins this wide usually mean real pricing power or a moat.

Profit from operations, before interest and tax, per 100 of revenue.

Typical of software and other businesses with little cost per extra sale.

What is left of revenue after only the direct cost of the product.

Little marginal cost per sale, which is what lets software and pharma fund heavy R&D.

Profit generated per unit of shareholder capital.

Above 15% is generally considered a good business.

Profit generated per unit of everything the company owns.

The assets are working hard.

Short-term assets against short-term obligations.

Plenty of cover, though idle cash earns little.

Short-term assets excluding inventory, against short-term debts.

Liquid assets exceed short-term obligations.

Change in revenue against the same period last year.

A healthy expansion rate.

Change in earnings against the same period last year.

Profit is compounding at a good clip.

The share of earnings paid out as dividends.

All earnings are retained in the business.

Return earned per unit of risk taken.

Below 1 is the common case; return did not strongly outpace the volatility.

The share of trading days that closed higher.

Close to a coin flip, which is the norm — returns come from the size of moves, not their count.

You pay 49.50 for every 1 unit of annual earnings.

Above 40 the price assumes growth that then has to actually arrive.

Price against next year's *forecast* earnings.

Even next year's expected earnings do not bring the multiple down much.

P/E divided by the growth rate — it asks whether the price is justified by the growth.

Between 1 and 2 price and growth are roughly in step.

Price against the accounting value of the company's net assets.

Normal for asset-light businesses, where the value sits in brands and software the balance sheet never records.

Price against revenue — usable when a company has no profit yet.

The price assumes today's revenue will convert into much more profit later.

Whole-company value, debt included, against cash earnings.

Expensive even before interest, tax and depreciation are considered.

Annual dividend as a percentage of the share price.

This company returns cash by reinvesting or buying back shares instead.

A 0–100 momentum gauge over the last 14 sessions.

The middle band, where most trading days sit.

Trend strength, regardless of direction.

Below about 20 the price is ranging rather than trending.

How far the price typically swings over a year.

A typical range for an individual share.

How much the price moves relative to the wider market.

Amplifies the index — bigger gains, bigger falls.

The worst peak-to-trough fall in the period measured.

A serious decline, though not unusual over a multi-year window.

How far the mean analyst target sits above today's price.

Analysts see real room above today's price.